From the first quarter of the last century, a turbulent transformation took place in the Eastern world, characterized by processes of national self-awareness as well as interaction with world culture. In China, the stage of so-called “awakening” led to a confrontation between two opposing camps: conservative intellectuals on the one hand, and progressive, open-minded thinkers on the other, who recognized the necessity of turning to Western modes of thought and seriously embraced them as a source of renewal. In this regard, several approaches to Chinese philosophical heritage emerged, including traditional, critical, and integrative perspectives aimed at harmonizing Chinese and Western philosophies. Prominent representatives of the conservative camp — Feng Youlan, He Lin, and Liang Shuming — advocated the idea of synthesizing Eastern and Western philosophical worldviews, giving priority to local traditions, especially Confucianism. Hu Shi emerged as the main proponent of the policy of “Westernization,” rejecting outdated social customs and considering engagement with European philosophy a key factor in China’s development, emphasizing its significance for the country. He primarily promoted pragmatism and positivism. According to Hu Shi, Western societies benefit from the achievements of world science and apply them in practice, fully utilizing human reason and intellect in the pursuit of humanity’s salvation and well-being. Therefore, he believed that turning to the West could rescue China from economic and political backwardness.