After the Renaissance, the relationship between religion and science experienced various types of developments. The purpose of examining the relationship between religion and science here is to show what kind of relationship the empirical sciences have with religion. In the 17th century, Newton created a revolution in physics. However, his orientation was directed against Aristotle’s philosophy. The physicists of that period and other well-known research scholars, without exception, tried to prove the existence of God by taking the purposiveness found in nature as their basis. In the 18th century, two main philosophical currents such as materialism and determinism were formed. In both of these doctrines, belief in God was not considered acceptable. However, in the 18th century the philosophical views of D. Hume and I. Kant regarding religion revealed interesting nuances. According to D. Hume, religious beliefs are meaningless since they are not the result of sensory experience. I. Kant, however, stated that it is impossible to prove the existence of God through theoretical means. This is possible only through morality. In the 19th century, C. Darwin’s theory of evolution was described by many as a war against religion. Of course, later some philosophers of religion did not consider Darwin’s hypothesis to be completely contrary to religion. The 20th century can be considered the beginning of a new stage in the relationship between religion and science. In this century, the relationship between science and religion was categorized in four main forms such as conflict; independent truths; dialogue; and complementary relations.